APPRAISAL TOOLS

C-SATS leverages post-operative assessment tools, including Global Evaluative Assessment of Robotic Skills (GEARS) and Global Operative Assessment of Laparoscopic Skills (GOALS), that meet high standards of reliability and validity. These tools are used to measure overall technical proficiency for robotic and laparoscopic surgery.

    
    Global Evaluative Assessment of
Robotic Skills (GEARS)
Global Operative Assessment of
Laparoscopic Skills (GOALS)

    Each of the domains below are scored on a Likert Scale between 1 – 5. (Overall scoring range 5 – 25)

    Each of the domains below are scored on a Likert Scale between 1 – 5. (Overall scoring range 4 – 20)

    Depth Perception
            Constantly overshoots target, wide swings, slow to correct
Some overshooting or missing target, but quick to correct
Accurately directs instruments in the correct plane to target

    Depth Perception
      Constantly overshoots target, wide swings, slow to correct
Some overshooting or missing target, but quick to correct
Accurately directs instruments in the correct plane to target

    Bimanual Dexterity
            Uses only one hand, ignores non dominant hand, poor coordination between hands
Uses both hands, but does not optimize interaction between hands
Expertly uses both hands in a complementary manner to provide optimal exposure

    Bimanual Dexterity
      Uses only one hand, ignores non dominant hand, poor coordination between hands
Uses both hands, but does not optimize interaction between hands
Expertly uses both hands in a complementary manner to provide optimal exposure

    Efficiency
      Inefficient efforts; many tentative movements; constantly changing focus or persisting without progress
Slow, but planned movements are reasonably organized
Confident, efficient and safe conduct, maintains focus on task

    Efficiency
      Inefficient efforts; many tentative movements; constantly changing focus or persisting without progress
Slow, but planned movements are reasonably organized
Confident, efficient and safe conduct, maintains focus on task

    Force Sensitivity 
           Rough moves, tears tissue, injures nearby structures, poor control, frequent suture breakage
Handles tissue reasonably well, minor trauma to adjacent tissue, rare suture breakage
Applies appropriate tension, negligible injury to adjacent structures, no suture breakage

    Tissue Handling 
      Rough movements, tears tissue, injures adjacent structures, poor grasper control, grasper frequently slips
Handles tissue reasonably well, minor trauma to adjacent tissue (i.e., occasional unnecessary bleeding or slipping of the grasper)
Handles tissues well, applies appropriate traction, negligible injury to adjacent structures

    Robotic Control 
           Consistently does not optimize view, hand position, or repeated collisions even with guidance
View is sometimes not optimal. Occasionally needs to relocate arms. Occasional collisions and obstruction of assistant
Controls camera and hand position optimally and independently. Minimal collisions or obstruction of assistant

Global Evaluative Assessment of Robotic Skills (GEARS)	Global Operative Assessment of Laparoscopic Skills (GOALS)
Each of the domains below are scored on a Likert Scale between 1 – 5. (Overall scoring range 5 – 25)	Each of the domains below are scored on a Likert Scale between 1 – 5. (Overall scoring range 4 – 20)
Depth Perception Constantly overshoots target, wide swings, slow to correct Some overshooting or missing target, but quick to correct Accurately directs instruments in the correct plane to target	Depth Perception Constantly overshoots target, wide swings, slow to correct Some overshooting or missing target, but quick to correct Accurately directs instruments in the correct plane to target
Bimanual Dexterity Uses only one hand, ignores non dominant hand, poor coordination between hands Uses both hands, but does not optimize interaction between hands Expertly uses both hands in a complementary manner to provide optimal exposure	Bimanual Dexterity Uses only one hand, ignores non dominant hand, poor coordination between hands Uses both hands, but does not optimize interaction between hands Expertly uses both hands in a complementary manner to provide optimal exposure
Efficiency Inefficient efforts; many tentative movements; constantly changing focus or persisting without progress Slow, but planned movements are reasonably organized Confident, efficient and safe conduct, maintains focus on task	Efficiency Inefficient efforts; many tentative movements; constantly changing focus or persisting without progress Slow, but planned movements are reasonably organized Confident, efficient and safe conduct, maintains focus on task
Force Sensitivity Rough moves, tears tissue, injures nearby structures, poor control, frequent suture breakage Handles tissue reasonably well, minor trauma to adjacent tissue, rare suture breakage Applies appropriate tension, negligible injury to adjacent structures, no suture breakage	Tissue Handling Rough movements, tears tissue, injures adjacent structures, poor grasper control, grasper frequently slips Handles tissue reasonably well, minor trauma to adjacent tissue (i.e., occasional unnecessary bleeding or slipping of the grasper) Handles tissues well, applies appropriate traction, negligible injury to adjacent structures
Robotic Control Consistently does not optimize view, hand position, or repeated collisions even with guidance View is sometimes not optimal. Occasionally needs to relocate arms. Occasional collisions and obstruction of assistant Controls camera and hand position optimally and independently. Minimal collisions or obstruction of assistant

APPRAISAL TOOLS

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